Vacancy Driven Fast Ion Conduction in Lithium Deficient Magnesium Chloride Spinel
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chloride solid electrolytes are promising catholytes for 4 V all-solid-state batteries due to their intrinsic stability and excellent compatibility with high-voltage cathodes. Until now, very few spinel chlorides have been reported to have good ionic conductivity. We report a simple (no ball-milling required) and effective synthetic approach to boost the ionic conductivity of nonconductive Li 2 MgCl 4 by aliovalent substitution, to adjust the Li ion carrier and vacancy concentration. Reducing the Li ion content leads to Li vacancies in the original fully occupied Li1 (8 a ) site and Li ion redistribution over a new Li2 (16 c ) site in Li 1.6 Sc 0.4 Mg 0.6 Cl 4 . The face-sharing Li tetrahedra and octahedra form a continuous 3D Li ion diffusion pathway with high Li vacancy and carrier concentration, driving nearly 2 orders of magnitude conductivity rise vs Li 2 MgCl 4 . A LiNi 0.85 Co 0.1 Mn 0.05 O 2 ASSB using a Li 1.6 Sc 0.4 Mg 0.6 Cl 4 catholyte showed good cycling stability over 180 cycles with a 4.8 V vs Li + /Li upper cutoff potential.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it