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Measurement of substructure-dependent suppression of large-radius jets with charged particles in Pb+Pb collisions with ATLAS
G. Aad, Erlend Aakvaag, B. Abbott, Sara Abdelhameed, Kira Abeling, Nils Julius Abicht, S. H. Abidi, Mohammed Aboelela, A. Aboulhorma, Halina Abramowicz, Yiming Abulaiti, B. S. Acharya, Anke Ackermann, C. Adam Bourdarios, L. Adamczyk, Sagar Addepalli, Matt Addison, J. Adelman, Aytul Adiguzel, T. Adye, A. A. Affolder, Yoav Afik, M. N. Agaras, Anamika Aggarwal, C. Agheorghiesei, F. Ahmadov, S. Ahuja, X. Ai, G. Aielli, A. Aikot, M. Ait Tamlihat, B. Aitbenchikh, M. Akbiyik, T. P. A. Åkesson, A. V. Akimov, D. Akiyama, Nilima Nilesh Akolkar, S. Aktas, G. L. Alberghi, J. Albert, Pietro Albicocco, Guillaume Lucas Albouy, S. Alderweireldt, Z. L. Alegria, M. Aleksa, I. N. Aleksandrov, C. Alexa, Theodoros Alexopoulos, F. Alfonsi, Malte Algren, M. Alhroob, B. Ali, Hanadi Ali, S. Ali, Samuel William Alibocus, M. Aliev, G. Alimonti, W. Alkakhi, C. Allaire, Benedict Allbrooke, Jonny Allen, Julia Frances Allen, P. P. Allport, A. Aloisio, F. Alonso, C. Alpigiani, Zainab Mohammad K Alsolami, A. Álvarez Fernández, Mario Alves Cardoso, M. G. Alviggi, M. Aly, Yara Do Amaral Coutinho, A. Ambler, Christoph Amelung, Maximilian Amerl, C. G. Ames, Thiziri Amezza, D. Amidei, Baktash Amini, Kyle Amirie, Artem Amirkhanov, S. P. Amor Dos Santos, K. R. Amos, Christos Anastopoulos, Adam Campbell Anderson, A. Annovi, C. Antel, E. Antipov, M. Aoki, T. Aoki, M. A. Aparo, M.L. Apicella, K. Asai, S. Asai, Siranush Asatryan, Sten Astrand, K. Augsten, D. Babal, Erik Bachmann, K. Bai, E. Bakos, R. Balasubramanian, P. Balek, E. Ballabene, Fabrice Balli, Isaac Bamwidhi, Shubham Bansal, M. Barakat, M. Barbero, Marten Zefanja Barel, A. J. Barr, João Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, Maura Barros, P. Bartos, M. Baselga, Susan Bataju, Richard Bates, M. Battaglia, M. Bauce, Michael Bauer, J. B. Beacham, L. J. Beemster, M. Begalli, M. Belfkir, G. Bella, Casey Dominik Bellgraph, Konstantin Beloborodov, K. Beloborodov, L. Beresford, F. U. Bernlochner, F. Bernon, A. Berti, Raphael Bertrand, A. J. Bevan, Lucas Bezio, S. Bharthuar, V. Bhopatkar, Sully Billingsley, Yassine Bimgdi, A. Bingül, C. Bini, G. A. Bird, M. Birman, M. Biros, S. Biryukov, U. Blumenschein, D. Bogavac, A. G. Bogdanchikov, T. Bołd, M. Bóna, Iurii Bordulev, Davide Boscherini, M. Bosman, N. Bouchhar, E. V. Bouhova-Thacker, R. Bouquet, I. Boyko, Gerhard Immanuel Brandt, J. E. Brau, R. Brener, L. Brenner, R. Brenner, I. Brock, Jammel Brooks, Ethan Michael Brooks, E. Brost, L. M. Brown, L. E. Bruce, T. L. Bruckler, N. Bruscino, Trygve Buanes, S. Burdin, Blake Oliver Burghgrave, J. M. Butterworth, S. Cabrera Urbán, H. Cai, N. Calace, V. Canale, Enzo Canonero, Josu Cantero Garcia, Michael Patrick Cardiff, T. Carli, Evan Michael Carlson, J. Carmignani, L. Carminati, M. Carnesale, Sascha Caron, M. Caspar, L. Castillo García, V. Cavaliere, Sofia Cella, A. Cerri, A. Cervelli, Paul Mickael Chabrillat, Snigdho Chakraborty, Sergei Chekanov, S. V. Chekulaev, G. A. Chelkov, Charlie Chen, H. Chen, H. Chen, Jiayi Chen, Maggie Chen, Shenjian Chen, E. Cherepanova, Kingman Cheung, Giorgio Chiarelli, A. Chitan, M. Chitishvili, M. V. Chizhov, M. C. Chu, Xiaotong Chu, Francesco Cirotto, Noah Clarke Hall, C. Clément, Y. Coadou, R. F. Coelho Barrue, S. Coelli, Lorenzo Corazzina, D. Costanzo, Tommaso Cresta, J. E. Crosby, M. J. Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, Stefano de Castro, N. De Groot, F. De Santis, Dmitri Dedovich, P. A. Delsart, M. Demichev, Giulia Di Gregorio, G. Di Gregorio, Bhupesh Dixit, F. Djama, A. Dohnalova, Z. Doležal, Karolina Domijan, A. D’onofrio, P. Dougan, Matthias Peter Drescher, Tristan Du Pree, Mathis Dubau, Emily Rose Duden, H. Duran Yıldız, B. Eckerova, Tom Elliot, N. Ellis, J. Elmsheuser, Dmitry Emeliyanov, I. Ene, Daniel Ernani Martins Neto, M. Errenst, D. Fakoudis, F. Fallavollita, Gregorio Falsetti, Y. Fan, M. Fanti, M. Faraj, Z. Farazpay, A. Farbin, Oleg Fedin, O. L. Fedin, Maxime Fernoux, P. Ferrari, Matei Stefan Filip, N. Fomin, N. Fritzsche, Y. Fu, Safa Gaid, J. Gallagher, E. N. Gazis, S. George, M. Ghani, S. M. Gibson, M. P. Giordani, Francesco Gonnella, R. Gonzalez Suarez, T. C. Gosart, S. Goswami, H. M. Gray, M. Greco, A. A. Grillo, Ruben Guevara, S. Guindon, Shubham Gupta, L. F. Gutierrez Zagazeta, M. Gutsche, L. Han, M. D. Hank, N. M. Hartmann, Sohaib Hassan, Y. Hayashi, Y. He, T. Heim, S. Hellesund, H. Herde, M. Hirose, M. Holzbock, V. Homsak, M. E. Horstmann, J. Huth, Sebastian Alonso Infante Cabanas, M. Javurkova, Samuel Jankovych, Callan Jessiman, P. Jenni, S. Jin, K. A. Johns, R. W. L. Jones, S. N. Karpov, Z. M. Karpova, V. F. Kazanin, J. J. Kempster, T. Kharlamova, Matthew Kevin Kingston, S. Kortner, E. Kourlitis, G. Kramberger, Kevin Alexander Kroeninger, J. Kroll, Y. Kulchitsky, Eshita Vinay Kumar, A. Kupich, S. Lammers, V. S. Lang, R. Lazaridou, T. F. Lee, R. Leitner, R. Les, H. Li, Runze Li, S. Liang, M. Liberatore, Leigh Linden, R. E. Lindley, Jesse Liu, Y. Liu, Y. W. Liu, Z. Liu, P. Loch, Nicholas Albert Lopez-Canelas, P. A. Love, S. Lu, O. Lundberg, Jenny Lunde, V. Lyubushkin, W. Ma, T. Madula, Pedro Takisa Mafa, K. Maj, Jan Malamant, D. Malito, S. Maltezos, J. P. Mandalia, Verena Ingrid Martinez Outschoorn, P. Martinez Suarez, Alex Christopher Martynwood, J. Matoušek, J. Maurer, Théo Maurin, E.F. Mcdonald, T. C. Mclachlan, L. Mijović, B. Mindur, Y. Mitsumori, M. H. Mohamed Farook, Lucas Mollier, Javier Montejo Berlingen, F. Montereali, J. Moss, S. Muanza, Maximilian Mucha, R. Müller, D. Munoz Perez, M. Muškinja, E. Nagy, Laura Nasella, Serafima Nechaeva, S. Němeček, V. Nikolaenko, I. Nikolic-Audit, R. Novotny, S. Oerdek, Ö. O. Öncel, Romano Orlandini, S. Ozturk, J. G. Panduro Vazquez, H. D. Pandya, L. Paolozzi, T. Pauly, S. V. Peleganchuk, G. Shani Nimeshika Perera, V. Petousis, Kristina Mihule, M. Pettee, T. M. Pham, R. Piegaia, Joaquim Pinol Bel, Nikita Ivvan Pond, L. Pontecorvo, I. N. Potrap, H. Potti, N. Proklova, R. Qian, Y. Qin, R. P. Quinn, A. L. Read, I. Ravinovich, William Rettie, Elzbieta Richter-Was, S. Richter, S. Ridouani, M. Rijssenbeek, B. R. Roberts, Sam Roberts, S. Rodriguez Bosca, Y. Rodríguez García, E. Romano, L. P. Rossi, R. Rosten, Victor Hugo Ruelas Rivera, J. P. Rutherfoord, F. Safai Tehrani, J. A. Sandesara, L. Sanfilippo, L. Santi, J. Sardain, R. Sawada, L. Sawyer, R. D. Schamberger, V. A. Schegelsky, M. Schioppa, R. Schwienhorst, C. D. Sebastiani, G. Sekhniaidze, N. Semprini-Cesari, R. Shaheen, P. Sherwood, S. Shimizu, M. J. Shochet, M. V. Silva Oliveira, S. Sinha, L. N. Smirnova, Matthew Bruce Smith, Hendrik Smitmanns, S. Solomon, Leonardo Splendori, Weronika Stanek-Maslouska, P. Staroba, T. J. Stevenson, N. A. Styles, P. N. Swallow, M. Talby, S. Tapia Araya, G. F. Tartarelli, Matthias Jean Tartarin, W. Taylor, J. Terrón, V. O. Tikhomirov, K. Todome, Anastasiia Tropina, P. M. Tricarico, M. Trzebiński, Pavel Tsiareshka, P.V. Tsiareshka, Y. Tsujikawa, V. Tudorache, S. Tzamarias, Y. Uematsu, M. Vanadia, U. M. 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Bibliographic record
VenuePhysics Letters B · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicHigh-Energy Particle Collisions Research
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersIrish Rugby Football UnionInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónH2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie ActionsHorizon 2020Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y TecnológicaFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaAustralian Research CouncilNational Research Council CanadaInternational Council of Shopping CentersCHIST-ERACenter for African StudiesNextGenerationEUForskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och VälfärdH2020 European Research CouncilNorges ForskningsrådMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónHorizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeVetenskapsrådetFondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y TecnológicoKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseBundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und WirtschaftFundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroU.S. Department of EnergyCarl Tryggers Stiftelse för Vetenskaplig ForskningNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungNational Science and Technology CouncilMinisterstvo Školství, Mládeže a TělovýchovyLeverhulme TrustEuropean CommissionFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloDanmarks GrundforskningsfondScience and Technology Facilities CouncilSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekMinistry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of ChinaAgence Nationale de la RechercheGrantová Agentura České RepublikyAustrian Science FundNational Research FoundationNarodowa Agencja Wymiany AkademickiejEuropean Cooperation in Science and TechnologyEuropean Social FundCentre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et TechniqueRoyal SocietyEuropean Regional Development FundBritish Columbia Knowledge Development FundEuropean Research CouncilCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueMax-Planck-GesellschaftGöran Gustafssons StiftelserNeubauer Family FoundationMinisterstwo Edukacji i NaukiNarodowe Centrum NaukiConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoCanada Foundation for InnovationNational Science FoundationIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareUK Research and InnovationIsrael Academy of Sciences and HumanitiesCentres de Recerca de CatalunyaMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesCERNMinerva FoundationInstitutul de Fizică AtomicăMultiple Sclerosis Scientific Research FoundationKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyTürkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma KurumuGeneralitat ValencianaGeneralitat de CatalunyaAgencia Nacional de Investigación y DesarrolloDuchenne Research FundTRIUMFAlexander von Humboldt-StiftungJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceHealthcare Georgia FoundationBARDBaden-Württemberg StiftungNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaMinistero dell'Università e della RicercaDefence Science InstituteSpine Education and Research InstituteGlaucoma Research FoundationMarcus och Amalia Wallenbergs minnesfondUnited States-Israel Binational Science FoundationCenter for Advancing Research Impact in SocietyCanarieNorth Dakota Game and Fish Department
KeywordsSubstructureAtlas (anatomy)PhysicsRADIUSNuclear physicsGeologyEngineeringStructural engineeringComputer science
Abstract
Measurements of jet substructure in Pb+Pb collisions provide key insights into the mechanism of jet quenching in the hot and dense QCD medium created in these collisions. This Letter presents a measurement of the suppression of large-radius jets with a radius parameter of R = 1.0 and its dependence on the jet substructure. The measurement uses 1.72 nb − 1 of Pb+Pb data and 255 pb − 1 of p p data, both at s NN = 5.02 TeV, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Large-radius jets are reconstructed by reclustering R = 0.2 calorimetric jets and are measured for transverse momentum above 200 GeV. Jet substructure is evaluated using charged-particle tracks, and the overall level of jet suppression is quantified using the jet nuclear modification factor ( R AA ). The jet R AA is measured as a function of jet p T , the charged k t splitting scale ( d 12 ), and the angular separation ( Δ R 12 ) of two leading sub-jets. The jet R AA gradually decreases with increasing d 12 , implying significantly stronger suppression of large-radius jets with larger k t splitting scale. The jet R AA gradually decreases for Δ R 12 in the range 0.01 − 0.2 and then remains consistent with a constant for Δ R 12 ≳ 0.2 . The observed significant dependence of jet suppression on the jet substructure will provide new insights into its role in the quenching process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.201
Threshold uncertainty score0.626
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.013
GPT teacher head0.264
Teacher spread0.251 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
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Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes