Effects of a Low Versus Moderate–High Intense Exercise Program on Innate Immune Recovery, Fitness, and Quality of Life During Pediatric Allo‐HSCT—The ANIMAL Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives Pediatric cancer patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) are severely immunosuppressed leading to a high risk for life‐threatening infections. This trial investigates the effects of exercise during allo‐HSCT on immune cell recovery and patient‐related outcomes (DRKS00019865). Methods Twenty‐two pediatric cancer patients (≥4 years) undergoing allo‐HSCT were randomized into an intervention group with moderate to high intensity training (IG high ) and an intervention group with low intensity training (IG low ). Supervised and individualized exercise sessions were scheduled three to five times per week during hospitalization. The primary outcome was the quantity of NK cells 30 days after HSCT. Further, feasibility and safety of the intervention, physical fitness, fatigue, quality of life (QoL), transplant‐related metrics, and clinical data were assessed. Results At Day +30, the median NK cell count was more than twice as high in the IG high compared to the IG low (n.s., 208.45/µL vs. 99.12/µL). Subset analysis revealed that CD16 + CD56 dim NK cells and NKp44 + CD56 dim NK cells were higher in the IG high on Day +30 ( p = 0.043 and p = 0.061, respectively). In contrast, the IG low exhibited higher levels of NKp44 − circulating innate lymphoid cells (cILC3) on Day +15 ( p = 0.045). As expected, the IG high showed significant increases in leg strength compared to the IG low . All participants experienced a decline in QoL and fatigue. Conclusion This pilot study implied a trend toward improved immune recovery with moderate to vigorous exercise. Importantly, both programs were safe and feasible. The higher intensity intervention showed significant benefits on leg strength and specific innate immune cell populations, but these findings must be considered preliminary in the context of the exploratory nature of the study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".