Impact of physical activity on maternal and neonatal outcomes among women with vaginal births—single center prospective cohort study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Optimal levels of physical activity during pregnancy are associated with numerous health benefits for both the mother and fetus. Additionally, maternal exercise has been linked to improved cardiovascular fitness, reduced lower back pain, enhanced mental wellbeing and favorable neonatal outcomes, including a lower risk of macrosomia and improved placental function. However, both insufficient and excessive physical activity levels may have adverse effects, highlighting the need for a balanced approach. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of physical activity before and during pregnancy on maternal perinatal outcomes and neonatal condition. The hypothesis proposes that physical activity at the level recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) does not negatively affect maternal or neonatal outcomes. Methods This single-center prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in northern Poland. Participants were recruited from antenatal outpatient clinics and classified based on their physical activity levels before and during pregnancy according to WHO as well as Canadian and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ guidelines. Data collection occurred in two stages: first, through a questionnaire including socio-demographic data and the Polish version of the Get Active Questionnaire for Pregnancy, and second, by analyzing biomedical data routinely collected during childbirth. A total of 115 cases were included in the final analysis. Statistical analyses comprised logistic and linear regression model implementation, as well as the Student’s t-test, Welch’s t-test and the Mann–Whitney U-test, with the level of statistical significance set at p < 0.001. Results No statistically significant effects of physical activity before or during pregnancy were observed on platelet count, hemoglobin levels, C-reactive protein concentrations, labor duration, BMI changes, anesthesia use, perineal trauma, or neonatal outcomes (including birth mass, length, head circumference, chest circumference, APGAR scores, and umbilical cord blood parameters). Conclusion Physical activity before and during pregnancy does not negatively impact maternal or neonatal outcomes. These findings support current physical activity recommendations during pregnancy, emphasizing the need for further research on the mechanisms underlying hematological changes associated with exercise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".