Prospective determination of heat shock protein serum levels in Saskatchewan women during pregnancy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background The stress proteins Heat shock protein (HSP) 27, HSP70, and αB-crystallin have all been detected in human serum under normal and disease conditions. HSP70 serum levels are known to increase in women with advancing gestation, but HSP27, HSP70, and αB-crystallin have never been assessed prospectively over pregnancy and at labour. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the serum levels of HSP27, HSP70, and αB-crystallin in pregnant women over pregnancy to assess whether the levels increase significantly over time and particularly at term and/or labour. Study Design We conducted a prospective cohort pilot study of serum levels of HSP27, HSP70, and αB-crystallin in Saskatoon-area women with singleton pregnancies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Serum samples were collected from each patient at three periods: <14 weeks, 22-33 weeks at glucose screening, and at term non-labour/active labour. ELISA data were subjected to D’Agostino and Pearson tests for normality. If data were not normally distributed, Friedman tests followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons tests were conducted. If data were normally distributed, they were subjected to repeated measures one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests. A Spearman correlation analysis of HSP levels with increasing gestational age was also conducted. All data were assessed and graphed using GraphPad Prism software. Results HSP27 levels were significantly elevated at term/labour compared to the two earlier timepoints assessed (Dunn’s p<0.0001 vs <14 weeks and p=0.0014 vs 22-33 weeks). HSP70 serum levels were also significantly elevated at term/labour compared to earlier timepoints (Dunn’s p=0.0005 vs <14 weeks and p=0.0179 vs 22-33 weeks). In contrast, αB-crystallin levels were not significantly different over gestation. When the serum levels of the HSPs over pregnancy were separately examined in the prospective cohorts who were sampled at term or at active spontaneous or induced labour, HSP27 levels were still significantly elevated at term (Tukey’s p=0.003 vs <14 weeks and p=0.031 vs 22-33 weeks) or at labour (Tukey’s p<0.0001 vs <14 weeks and 22-33 weeks). Of note, HSP27 levels at term were significantly elevated over levels at labour (3.949 ± 0.622 vs 2.139 ± 0.241, respectively; Welch’s p=0.0211). HSP70 levels were only significantly elevated at term (Dunn’s p=0.029) or at labour (Tukey’s p=0.015) compared to <14 weeks. αB-crystallin levels were not significantly different over gestation in these two cohorts. Overall, there was a significant positive correlation between gestational age and HSP27 or HSP70 serum concentrations regardless of whether we examined term/labour as a group or in separate cohorts of patients who were sampled at term or labour. Conclusion Serum levels of HSP27 and HSP70 in pregnant women at term and/or labour were significantly elevated relative to earlier periods of pregnancy and they positively correlated with gestational age. However, HSP27 levels were also significantly elevated at term compared to labour thereby identifying this small HSP as a candidate biomarker of impending labour. Such a biomarker could be valuable for screening term pregnant women in rural settings who are distant from urban delivery centres to minimize travel, economic costs, and maternal stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".