The frequency and characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease in pediatric patients with Hirschsprung's disease: A case-control study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Hirschsprung disease is associated with enterocolitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as it affects bowel innervation from birth. This study is about the evaluation of IBD in children with diagnosed Hirschsprung disease. Methods A case-control study was designed between 2012 and 2021, including patients diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease and IBD (case group) and without IBD (control group). Patients were randomly allocated within each group in a ratio of 4 to 1. The 4:1 ratio of controls to cases was chosen to increase the statistical power of the analysis, given the relatively small number of IBD cases within our Hirschsprung’s disease patient population at our center. A checklist was used in the collection of clinical and demographic data, and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results This study consisted of 87 patients diagnosed with Hirschsprung’s disease, which included 17 patients diagnosed with Hirschsprung's disease and IBD (case group) and 70 controls without IBD (control group). The frequency of IBD among diagnosed Hirschsprung patients is 19.5%. The age of all patients at presentation averaged 20.2 ± 33.7 months, with more males noted (62.1%). Typical symptoms preceding diagnosis were constipation (76.7%) and abdominal swollen belly (15.1%). In the IBD population, 17.3% were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and 2.3% with Crohn's disease at a mean age of 47.9 ± 45.7 months. Vomiting (31.3%) and constant watery stools (31.3%) were symptoms of IBD. Mean Age, Failure to thrive, and Diarrhea were the only two variables that were statistically significant in females, p<0.05. Conclusion The present study showed very significant differences in the clinical features of Hirschsprung disease patients with and without inflammatory bowel disease and highlighted the importance of timely IBD diagnosis and intervention in children to prevent the worsening of the condition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".