Gamma-ray promoted defects dipole migration and fast aging mechanism in KNN-based ceramics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The property evolution of piezoelectric ceramics under extreme environments such as gamma irradiation still lacks research. Here, the evolution of structure and electrical properties for potassium sodium niobate [K, Na)NbO 3 ]-based ceramics under γ-ray irradiation was systematically investigated, with a focus on possible defect dipole migration mechanism. Compared with unirradiated ceramics, ceramics after irradiation have a stable d 33 and rapid increase of Q m as well as a fast-aging phenomenon. This is attributed to the hardened domain walls, instead of the variation of domain structure and the number of defect dipoles. The internal defect dipoles ( [ C u N b ″ ′ − V O . . ] ′ ) are at a lower energy position, which will move toward the domain walls and produce a strong pinning effect during irradiation. This work reveals the property evolution and corresponding defect dipole migration mechanism in the piezoceramics under gamma irradiation, provides basic understanding for piezo-devices operating in harsh environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".