GC/MS Profiling and Antibacterial Activity of Steam-Distilled Solanecio mannii Essential Oil and Hydrosol Against Multidrug-Resistant Food Pathogens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solanecio mannii is a fast-growing woody shrub of up to 10 m in height of the Asteraceae family. This study aimed to identify the chemical constituents of steam-distilled oil and hydrosol of Solanecio mannii leaves and determine their activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Steam distillation extraction followed by GC/MS analysis was employed to characterize the chemical composition, while the antimicrobial effectiveness was assed using disc diffusion method at 10 µL sample volumes. GC/MS analysis revealed 52 compounds in the essential oil predominantly monoterpenes (48%) and sesquiterpenes (38.5%), and 28 compounds in the hydrosol, consisting mainly of fatty acid methyl esters (28.57%) and other heteroatomic compounds (67.86%). The essential oils demonstrated significant activity against both E. coli (12 mm) and S. aureus (10 mm) for the oil and 10 mm and 8 mm for the hydrosol respectively. The findings emphasize the potential of S. mannii essential oil and hydrosol as clean label agents for food industry applications, particularly in active packaging systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".