Serotype 2 Streptococcus suis growth inhibition mediated by intraspecies contact-dependent mechanism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an opportunistic pathogen or pathobionts in pigs and a zoonotic pathogen for humans. S. suis Serotype 2 (SS2) is the predominant serotype isolated from diseased pigs but rarely isolated from healthy pigs. This study aims to investigate whether the growth of SS2 can be inhibited by commensal S. suis non-serotype 2 (non-SS2) sharing tonsillar habitats. Agar co-culture (CI<1.0) and transwell assays confirmed that two non-SS2 strains inhibited the growth of patients, diseased and asymptomatic pig SS2 isolates by contact-dependent mechanism. Kinetic co-culture demonstrated that the consequence of this competition was the coexistence of SS2 at the low density. Moreover, non-SS2 also interfered SS2 adhesion on IPEC-J2 cells. Comparative whole genome analysis elucidated that contact-dependent growth inhibition involved with T7SS homologs and apparently non-lethal interaction. Complete semi-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff, CMP-Neu5Ac, and Catechol meta-cleavage pathways distinctively found in non-SS2 and their increased expression during co-culture might facilitate them to outcompete the growth of SS2. In conclusion, this study identified a novel contact-dependent growth competition phenotype in non-SS2 that might contribute to maintaining a low density of the SS2 target in natural habitats.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".