The effect of slow breathing on cardiovascular and electromyographic responses during standing perturbations in older adults
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A bi-directional interaction between the cardiovascular and postural control systems has been previously reported in young adults; however, limited data exist in older populations where physiological alternations in these systems are well known. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the effect of slow breathing on heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) responses following surface support postural perturbations in older adults and (2) the effect of slow breathing on lower limb muscle burst onset and burst amplitude during postural perturbations of the support surface in older adults. Twenty community-dwelling older adults experienced posteriorly directed accelerations of treadmill belts during quiet standing while breathing spontaneously (SPON) or breathing at 6 breaths per minute (SLOW). SBP, HR, and muscle burst onset and burst amplitude were analyzed for 7 s from each perturbation's onset. Post-perturbation comparison of SLOW and SPON showed that SBP was significantly higher during SPON over the entire analyzed time period (0-7 s) (p < 0.001), while there was no difference in HR throughout the same analysis window (0-7 s) (p > 0.05). The muscle burst onset was shortened in the SLOW compared to SPON task (p < 0.001), while muscle burst amplitude was not significantly different between SPON and SLOW (p = 0.353). Although slow breathing affected cardiovascular and muscle activation onset responses during postural perturbations in older adults, they differed from the responses in younger adults reported previously. The findings highlight the physiological adaptations that may occur to maintain postural stability in older adults.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it