MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W4411048337 · doi:10.5539/elt.v18n7p1

Developing Students’ 21st-century Skills: Are EFL Teachers in Cyprus Up for the Task?

2025· article· en· W4411048337 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Constantina Fotiou

Bibliographic record

VenueEnglish Language Teaching · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicSecond Language Learning and Teaching
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPsychologyMathematics educationTask (project management)PedagogyTeaching method

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This study investigates the perceived readiness and competence of teachers of English as a Foreign Language in Cyprus to develop students' 21st-century skills within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior. These skills, e.g., critical thinking, creativity, communication, collaboration, and digital literacy, are essential for navigating the modern world. This study has shown that despite the fact that all teachers support the claim that language teachers are particularly well-suited to help students develop these skills, only 65% of the surveyed teachers claim to fully understand what these skills are. The study further reveals that teachers consider the 4Cs (critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration) along with problem-solving, decision-making and autonomy of learning as the most important skills. They also feel confident about developing their students’ communication and collaboration skills but feel less confident about developing other skills. The set of skills they feel the least confident about is digital literacies. This is arguably concerning given the importance of these skills in today’s world and the fact that students today, the so-called digital natives, are not as technologically-savvy as previously thought. This study has also revealed that there is a positive correlation between the importance ascribed to each skill and teachers' perceived ability to teach it. This indicates that targeted training emphasizing the relevance and application of these skills can enhance teachers' confidence and competence. By equipping teachers with the necessary skills and knowledge, students can be better prepared for the challenges of the 21st century.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.039
Threshold uncertainty score0.078

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0020.001
Scholarly communication0.0020.001
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.014
GPT teacher head0.283
Teacher spread0.269 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same venueEnglish Language TeachingSame topicSecond Language Learning and TeachingFrench-language works237,207