Insulin-self administration among individuals with diabetes: Implications for improved practices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diabetes significantly contributes to both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Effective management depends on meticulous glycemic control, with insulin playing a crucial role. The success of insulin therapy relies on patients' ability to properly administer insulin and adhere to the administration instructions. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practices of insulin use among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and to identify factors influencing these practices. METHODS: A validated, self-administered questionnaire was distributed in person to outpatient insulin users with type 1 and type 2 diabetes at King Abdullah University Hospital. In addition to socio-demographics and health characteristics, the questionnaire evaluated patients' knowledge regarding insulin, its administration, and insulin use practices. Quantile regression was used to explore factors associated with insulin administration practices. RESULTS: The study included 402 patients, 53.0% of which are females, with a median age of 54 years. The median (interquartile range) knowledge score was 5 (4-6) out of a maximum possible score of 9, while the median (interquartile range) insulin administration practice score was 80.39 (72.92-85.42) out of a maximum possible score of 100. = . Lower practice levels were associated with older age (coefficient: -0.149, 95%CI: -0.217- -0.082), lack of diabetes information (coefficient: -6.189, 95%CI: -12.041 - -0.337), and reliance on non-scientific information sources (coefficient: -2.409, 95%CI: -4.562 - -0.255). However, higher knowledge scores were associated with better practices (coefficient: 2.516, 95%CI: 1.819-3.213). CONCLUSIONS: While the study reveals acceptable knowledge and practices regarding insulin self-administration, it also highlights significant gaps that policy initiatives should address by implementing uniform training programs and interventions to promote effective insulin administration practices.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".