Investigating stakeholders’ perceptions regarding seahorses’ conservation and conflicts in an European estuarine environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Estuaries play a vital role in sustaining biodiversity and providing ecosystem services that support ecological and socioeconomic well-being. However, they face numerous anthropogenic threats undermining their resilience and long-term sustainability. The Tagus estuary, located in Portugal and home to five syngnathids species, has been consistently impacted by anthropogenic stressors with adverse impacts on the ecosystem. Syngnathids have been recognized as potentially effective flagship species for estuarine conservation, yet little is known about their populations in the Tagus estuary. This study aimed to investigate the community’s interests, perceptions and historical references of the local natural assets, specifically of the local seahorse population. A total of 100 in-person and online interviews were conducted to characterize local stakeholders, their activities, and their Local Ecological Knowledge. Most participants were aware of the presence of seahorses in the local environment. However, sightings were mostly reported by fishermen and related to bycatch incidents. Participants reported seahorse sightings across the estuary and a generalized positive perception of these animals, but there is still a lack of detailed information and consolidated knowledge about them. This case study’s results provide information for local seahorse conservation and highlight the great potential of this group as a flagship for estuarine conservation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".