<i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> : strategies for adapting to aerobic stress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fusobacterium nucleatum —a gram-negative anaerobe—is commensal to the oral cavity, where it plays an important role in the maturation of the oral biofilm. The bacterium is also an opportunistic pathogen, given its association with systemic infections and cancer progression. Although residing in largely anoxic microenvironments within the oral biofilm, F. nucleatum encounters oxygen (O₂) present in the circulating saliva and reactive oxygen species formed endogenously, by an activated immune system or neighboring oral commensal streptococci. This review explores the bacterium’s adaptive mechanisms that enable survival under oxidative stress. We discuss how F. nucleatum mitigates oxidative damage and aerobic stress through common detoxifying and repair enzymes such as peroxiredoxins, methionine sulfoxide reductases, and rubrerythrin and through the activity of the recently identified multicomponent enzyme, termed butyryl-CoA oxygen oxidoreductase. Turnover by the latter enzyme enables F. nucleatum to exploit molecular oxygen for the conservation of energy. Additionally, we discuss how a two-component signal transduction system, ModRS, a global regulator of oxidative stress, functions in part to reprogram core metabolism to counterbalance the inactivation of a glycyl radical enzyme hypersensitive to O 2 . Our findings provide new insight into how F. nucleatum resists fluctuating dioxygen environments, shedding light on its persistence in extraoral sites and its potential role in disease progression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".