The effect of bariatric surgery on anthropometric indices, gut microbiome, and microbial metabolites in patients with NAFLD: a systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Obesity is a global health challenge linked with NAFLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease). Bariatric surgery can induce NAFLD remission by altering gut microbiota. This study evaluates bariatric surgery’s effects on anthropometric indices, gut microbiota, and microbial metabolites in NAFLD patients. Data from major databases up to October 2023 were analyzed. Studies were assessed for quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS). Eleven studies were reviewed. Bariatric surgery increased Bacteroides , Akkermansia , and “Proteobacteria” and decreased “Actinomycetota.” It also altered bile acid profiles, reducing primary conjugated bile acids and increasing secondary conjugated bile acids, particularly glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA). Improvements in body mass index were observed in NAFLD patient’s post-surgery. Bariatric surgery impacts gut microbiota and bile acid profiles, playing a potential role in NAFLD remission. Further extensive studies are required due to study inconsistencies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".