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Record W4411114597 · doi:10.1016/j.nima.2025.170682

Unusual annealing of charge collection efficiency of silicon strip detectors, ATLAS18, irradiated to high fluences with 23 GeV protons

2025· article· en· W4411114597 on OpenAlexafffund
I. Mandić, V. Cindro, G. Kramberger, M. Mikuž, M. Puklavec, P. Federičová, R. Jirásek, J. Kroll, J. Kvasnička, M. Mikeštíková, Petr Tůma, V. Fadeyev, Y. Unno, M. Ullán, U. Soldevila, C. Lacasta, C. Solaz, J. Bernabeu, R. S. Orr, B. Crick, U. Epstein, S. P’yavka, P. Wishart, C. Klein, J. R. Dandoy, J. Keller, E. J. Staats, C. Jessiman, T. Koffas, Y. Zhao, A. S. Chisholm, C. Scharf

Bibliographic record

VenueNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicParticle Detector Development and Performance
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
FundersEuropean Regional Development FundNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaJavna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RSAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesMinisterstvo Školství, Mládeže a TělovýchovyForskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och VälfärdCERNCanada Foundation for InnovationU.S. Department of Energy
KeywordsAnnealing (glass)SiliconIrradiationDetectorMaterials scienceNuclear physicsCharge (physics)OptoelectronicsRadiochemistryPhysicsOpticsChemistryParticle physicsComposite material

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Extensive studies were performed on highly irradiated ATLAS18 mini strip detectors to evaluate their annealing behaviour. Collected charge was measured after several steps of annealing at 60 °C. For detectors irradiated with neutrons or low energy protons the collected charge exhibited a beneficial effect of short-term annealing which was followed by a decrease in charge collection efficiency at longer annealing times. After irradiation with 23 GeV protons to fluences above Φ eq ∼ 1 . 2 ⋅ 1 0 15 cm −2 , the collected charge remained unchanged or decreased after the first few tens of minutes of annealing. Edge-TCT measurements indicated that this unusual annealing behaviour is related to the double-peak electric field profile in the detector. Mixed irradiation with 23 GeV protons and neutrons to fluences matching the expected in the upgraded ATLAS experiment showed this unusual annealing effect will not impact the operation of the ITk strip detector.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.002
Threshold uncertainty score0.005

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.030
GPT teacher head0.360
Teacher spread0.330 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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Same venueNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated EquipmentSame topicParticle Detector Development and PerformanceFrench-language works237,207