Fabrication and ambient temperature flash O-functionalization of chlorocardium rodiei-based carbon for toxic metal adsorption
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Activated carbons with their typically diverse array of heteroatom surface functionality are well-known adsorbent materials. Adsorbent functionalization by increasing oxygen heteroatom content is an important modification technique. Wet oxidation with concentrated nitric acid is among the most ubiquitous and productive strategies but current oxidation regimes utilize extended residence times and cause undesirable losses in specific surface area. Here, we fabricated activated carbons from Chlorocardium rodiei waste wood and evaluated the changes in physicochemical properties of this adsorbent when subjected to a little explored, ambient temperature, low-residence time oxidation procedure. We evaluated the types of oxygen speciation generated under various regimes and studied their impact on the removal efficiencies of Pb 2+ , Al 3+ and Mn 2+ in model solutions at pH 3. Flash oxidation with 10 M nitric acid for 60 min resulted in only a 12 % loss in specific surface area and increased the total carbon-bound oxygen content by 8 atomic %. This enhanced adsorption of Al 3+ and Pb 2+ by 22% and 5% respectively. Al 3+ and Pb 2+ removal efficiencies were strongly correlated with the presence of carbonyl and alcohol functional groups while Mn 2+ was poorly adsorbed and had a negative correlation with acidic groups. The adsorption of each metal was therefore predominantly mediated by different oxygen moieties on the material surface. These results demonstrate that flash oxidation can yield strong increases in oxygen while preserving surface area and is a viable addition to existing oxygen heteroatom functionalization strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".