Marburg and Kasokero viruses elicit differential antiviral innate immune control by their natural reservoir bat, the Egyptian rousette (Rousettus aegyptiacus)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To investigate the antiviral innate immune responses of natural reservoir bats, we conducted a histopathological analysis of Egyptian rousettes (Rousettus aegyptiacus) experimentally infected with either of two divergent RNA viruses they naturally host, Marburg virus (MARV; family Filoviridae) and Kasokero virus (KASV; family Nairoviridae). Bats were serially euthanized at similar post-infection time points and tissue-based analyses focused on the liver, the primary target for both viruses. At 3 days post-infection (DPI), in situ hybridization (ISH) signal for replicating MARV was 300x less evident than that of KASV, with little immune cell recruitment and localized interferon (IFN)-stimulated responses suggesting a tendency towards superb virus replication control and non-cytolytic viral clearance. By comparison, an early burst of hepatocellular KASV replication correlated with robust, tissue-wide IFN-stimulated responses, mononuclear phagocyte apoptosis, targeted natural killer (NK) and/or natural killer T (NKT) cell responses and localized cytokine induction, demonstrating the capacity to swiftly establish an antiviral state. The distinctive lack of IFN stimulated gene 15 and MARV RNA hepatocellular co-localization in a single MARV-infected bat with overt hepatitis suggests a fine-tuned role for IFN antagonism in Egyptian rousettes, and hints at how MARV-IFN pathway interactions might influence the evolution, transmission and maintenance of orthomarburgviruses in nature, whereas KASV is less adaptable to this vertebrate host. This work augments our understanding of bat immunology and suggests certain co-evolutionary relationships between bats and viruses. These defenses may be more broadly applicable to other viruses circulating in Egyptian rousettes and likely to other bat-virus relationships.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".