Bovine lactoferrin suppresses the proliferation of endometriotic stromal cells via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The most common medical therapy for endometriosis suppresses ovulation, which is a barrier for patients planning pregnancy. To address this issue, we focused on the cell proliferation-suppressing effects of lactoferrin, which reportedly in various malignant tumours. Despite being a benign disease, endometriotic cells have similar characteristics to malignant tumours, which may be involved in its onset and progression. Endometriotic and endometrial stromal cells were obtained from patients with endometriosis. After culture with 1 mg/mL of bovine lactoferrin, cell proliferation was significantly suppressed in endometriotic stromal cells compared to controls, but this remained unchanged in endometrial stromal cells. Bovine lactoferrin also significantly increased the number of endometriotic stromal cells in the G0/G1 phase and significantly decreased those in the S phase, and suppressed the protein expression of phosphorylated-AKT, phosphorylated-mTOR, phosphorylated-S6K, and cyclin D1. Bovine lactoferrin inhibits the transition from the G1 to the S phase by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and reducing the synthesis of cyclin D1, thereby arresting the cell cycle at the G1 phase. Bovine lactoferrin suppressed the proliferation of endometriotic stromal cells without suppressing the proliferation of endometrial stromal cells. Lactoferrin, which allows for pregnancy and lactation during administration, has potential as a novel therapeutic candidate for endometriosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".