Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fourth section covers slavery in Brazil and the United States, as well as the contributions of female activists to anti-slavery efforts in the United States and Canada. The Brazilian historian Carlos Silva Jr examines slavery in Brazil, starting in the 1530s with sugar plantations in Pernambuco and Bahia. These events were characterised by the horrendous brutality of whippings by slave masters. Silva notes that 45 per cent of the enslaved between the mid-sixteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries were transported by Portugal to Brazilian mines, plantations, and urban settings. He traces the history of the country to Portuguese colonialism in the sixteenth century, starting with the extraction of red wood called brazilwood. Lisbon had earlier enslaved Amerindian indigenous groups to work on sugar plantations. Facing resistance from the native population, Portugal imported African slaves from the sixteenth century. But Silva also notes the widespread resistance by the enslaved, many of whom created runaway maroon communities (quilombos). Brazil was the last state to abolish slavery in the Americas by 1888.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".