Profiling accumulated PAHs and metabolomic responses in truncate soft-shell clam (Mya truncata) in the Canadian Arctic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Arctic ecosystems face many contamination challenges due to increasing human development and long-range atmospheric transport. Among these contaminants of concern are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to their variety of natural and anthropogenic sources related to oil spills and the combustion of organic substances. As a result, PAHs present a potential threat to Northern communities that harvest local species for food, which may accumulate or be negatively impacted by PAHs. To address these concerns, this study quantified the impacts of PAHs on an important locally harvested food source by quantifying contaminant burdens in the marine clam Mya truncata , collected from Frobisher Bay near the city of Iqaluit, Canada. Metabolomic responses were assessed to identify common biomarkers of PAH stress to further develop M. truncata as a biomonitor species. Σ 52 PAH burdens were 20.5 ± 0.8 ng·g −1 ww in clams collected close to Iqaluit's wastewater treatment plant discharge, decreasing to 10.6 ± 1.1 ng·g −1 ww ∼3 km away. Diagnostic ratios indicate that these PAHs are from a mixture of pyrogenic and petrogenic sources, dominated by a large diversity of alkylated PAHs. Clams were able to compensate for contaminant burdens as no changes in physiological characteristics were observed between study sites. Metabolomic analyses revealed a signature of increased glutathione production for possible antioxidant activities, and an increase in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Due to the non-detection of the most toxic PAHs as well as the low accumulated burdens, the threats of PAH contamination to M. truncata in the region appear relatively low.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".