Associations of Gestational and Childhood Urinary Triclosan Concentrations with Atopic and Allergic Symptoms in Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study Participants Ages 1–12 Years
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Triclosan, an antimicrobial chemical that was widely used in consumer products, may increase risk of allergic diseases in children, but prospective studies are needed to clarify the association. OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the associations of time-varying urinary triclosan concentrations with eczema, allergic rhinitis, and wheeze. METHODS: In the HOME Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort, we quantified urinary triclosan concentrations in mother-child pairs up to ten times between 16 weeks’ gestation and age 12 years. Caregivers reported eczema, allergic rhinitis, and wheeze symptoms biannually until children were aged 6 years and again when they were aged 8 and 12 years. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate the covariate-adjusted association of gestational and childhood triclosan concentrations with the risk of reporting eczema, allergic rhinitis, or wheezing symptoms. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-seven mother-child dyads contributed >3,000 visits to the analysis of gestational exposures and >2,600 visits to childhood analyses. Each 2-fold higher childhood triclosan concentration was associated with 1.23 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.46) and 1.12 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.25) times higher risk of reporting eczema and allergic rhinitis, respectively, but not wheezing (RR = 0.98 [95% CI: 0.82, 1.16]). We did not observe modification by child sex. Associations of gestational triclosan with eczema, allergic rhinitis, or wheezing symptoms were null in the full sample. Child sex modified the association of gestational triclosan with allergic rhinitis and wheezing (p-interaction Allergy: 0.02; p-interaction Wheezing:0.10), with 1.09 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.19) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.00) times the risk of allergic rhinitis symptoms among males and females, respectively. CONCLUSION: Childhood urinary triclosan concentrations were associated with caregiver reported eczema and more weakly with allergic rhinitis. Associations of gestational triclosan with allergic outcomes differed by child sex, suggesting heightened susceptibility to triclosan among males.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".