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Record W4411141117 · doi:10.18666/jpra-2025-12505

Social Media Communications for Behavior Management in Ontario’s Parks and Protected Areas: A Qualitative Analysis of Manager and Visitor Experiences

2025· article· en· W4411141117 on OpenAlexaffabout
John Foster, Garrett Hutson, Ryan Plummer, Tim O’Connell

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Park and Recreation Administration · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicAnimal and Plant Science Education
Canadian institutionsBrock University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsVisitor patternRecreationQualitative analysisQualitative researchSocial mediaSociologyPublic relationsAdvertisingPolitical scienceSocial scienceBusinessComputer scienceWorld Wide Web

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Communications in their various formats have long been utilized by park agencies to share safety, regulatory, and interpretive information with park visitors. While the study of these communications is an underserved field of research in itself, less attention has been paid specifically to the utility of social media communications in the context of addressing visitor behaviour issues. This study addresses this research gap by exploring the experiences of both park visitors and park managers with respect to the effectiveness of social media communications for park visitor behaviour management. To do so, this study applied interpretive description methodology to support semi-structured interviews with park visitors (9) and individuals who work for park agencies in Ontario in park management roles (8). As management implications, interviews with participants revealed that the utility of social media communications for visitor behaviour management varies widely depending on the sophistication of the park agency’s social media approach. Park visitors often expressed a desire for more authentic and discussion-oriented communications, while park managers frequently expressed a need to improve and increase the resources dedicated to social media communications to meet park visitor expectations. Most park visitors and park managers interviewed reported social media can be an effective visitor management tool but that limits to its efficacy exist. Participants, while believing social media to be effective, expressed the belief that many of the individuals responsible for depreciative visitor behavior, are unlikely to be engaged with parks and protected area social media channels.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.646
Threshold uncertainty score0.382

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.074
GPT teacher head0.440
Teacher spread0.366 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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