Full-scale laboratory investigation of installation effects and advancement rate for tapered continuous helical and helical piles in saturated sand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Screw and helical piles are classified as displacement piles. A displacement pile will always cause soil disturbance during installation. Full-scale laboratory tests were conducted to examine the effects of advancement rates (ARs) on installation torque and compressive bearing capacity in saturated sand with different relative densities using three different pile geometries. The influence of a constant AR = 0.5 showed varying results for each of the pile geometries, indicating that the impact of AR is highly dependent on the pile geometry. In the same relative density with AR values of 0.5, 0.8, 1, and 1.2, the compressive bearing capacity decreased by 67% for AR = 0.5 and increased by 1% for AR = 1.2 compared to the recommended AR of 1, which minimizes the disturbance. The friction correlation factor Kc , between installation torque and bearing capacity, reflected the effects of both varying AR and relative density. It is advised to monitor the AR during installation in commercial projects. To ensure reliable bearing capacity of screw and helical piles, they should be installed with an AR between 0.8 and 1.2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".