Temperature-dependent ultracold neutron transmission in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:none/> <mml:mprescripts/> <mml:none/> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> gas: A test of the Young-Koppel model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Young-Koppel (YK) model describes comprehensively the interaction of slow neutrons with diatomic gases such as <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <a:msub> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">H</a:mi> <a:mn>2</a:mn> </a:msub> </a:math> and <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <c:mmultiscripts> <c:mi mathvariant="normal">H</c:mi> <c:mn>2</c:mn> <c:none/> <c:mprescripts/> <c:none/> <c:mn>2</c:mn> </c:mmultiscripts> </c:math> . This paper reports on the first experimental results of ultracold neutron (UCN) scattering over a wide temperature range vindicating the YK model for gaseous <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <e:mmultiscripts> <e:mi mathvariant="normal">H</e:mi> <e:mn>2</e:mn> <e:none/> <e:mprescripts/> <e:none/> <e:mn>2</e:mn> </e:mmultiscripts> </e:math> and showing an important difference in the temperature dependence to a low-energy low-temperature approximation (LETA). LETA is confirmed, however, to be valid for monoatomic gases such as Ne. Calculated cross sections for other noble gases were also confirmed for ultracold neutrons. Finally, the total cross section of UCNs in <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <g:msub> <g:mi mathvariant="normal">H</g:mi> <g:mn>2</g:mn> </g:msub> </g:math> gas was measured and analyzed applying the Young-Koppel model, however, in a more limited temperature range, confirming the theoretical prediction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".