Improving Patient Outcomes by Reducing Anemia and Bleeding in Pediatric Spine Surgery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Children requiring spine surgery are often iron deficient and anemic. Pediatric spine surgery is associated with notable risk of perioperative acute blood loss. To manage acute blood loss, many pediatric patients undergoing spine surgery require allogeneic transfusion of blood products. Both anemia and blood transfusions are associated with morbidity, such as increased length of stay, perioperative costs, and rarely mortality. To mitigate these factors, applying ever evolving concepts related to patient blood management (PBM), blood conservation techniques (BCT), and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) are effective means to reduce anemia and transfusions perioperatively during spine surgery. This review focuses on development of multidisciplinary teams to harness the potential of PBM, BCT, and ERAS strategies. PBM, BCT, and ERAS concepts applied perioperatively for pediatric patients undergoing spine surgery provide a means of mitigating anemia and reducing the requirement for blood transfusions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".