Intelligent Localization-Based DDPG for UAV-Borne RIS in Vehicular Communication
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We develop a framework to simultaneously optimize the artificial noise (AN) covariance of eavesdroppers, the high-dimensional continuous phase shifts of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)-borne reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), and beamforming of base stations (BSs) in vehicular networks. This optimization aims to maximize the worst-case secrecy rate for vehicular users (VUs) amidst eavesdroppers considering inaccurate channel state information (CSI) and VUs' quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. We propose a predictive localization-based actor-critic deep reinforcement learning (DRL) solution. We employ a deep neural network (DNN) to predict the future spatial location of VUs and eavesdroppers, since these are apriory unknown. Then, the predicted positions are fed to a Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm, which determines the AN matrix and RIS beamforming vector. The DDPG integrated with DNN-based predictive localization offers a significant advantage over the standard DDPG, as additional states are incorporated into the system, thereby enhancing the model's capability to coordinate DDPG based on predicted location and to capture more complex and abstract features of the highly dynamic vehicular network. Simulations demonstrate the proposed DDPG with predictive localization ensures secure and reliable communications, surpassing state-f-the-art baselines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".