Simulation and Radiation Measurements from Three Stratospheric Balloon Flights
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Atmospheric showers, produced by radiation from space that hit the higher layers of the atmosphere, propagate through it and produce effects on both electronic systems and living beings. They have been analyzed in depth at aeronautical heights, for their impacts on airplanes, passengers and crews, but now they are becoming more important at stratospheric altitudes, where new scientific and communications missions operate. This abstract summarizes the measurements taken by three radiation monitors flying through the Stratosphere on board three scientific balloons. We also developed a series of simulations with FLUKA to better understand the interaction of the radiation with the monitor and to determine the impact of the monitor shielding on the detection capabilities. Further work will be needed to discriminate types of particles and energy levels, and to study in detail such measurements. But we can show now the fluxes of ionizing particles measured by our monitors while flying over Sweden, Canada and Spain from the ground to altitudes of about 35 km. Thanks to the simulations performed it is possible to know the minimum necessary energy for the incoming particle to go through the external thermal insulation box of the monitor and reach its electronic to be measured.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".