Epitaxy governs the location and orientation of nucleation in metamorphic rocks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Developing a full understanding of many geological and synthetic material processes, such as crustal metamorphism, mantle phase transformations, and alloy grain refinement requires knowledge of the way in which crystals nucleate within a multiphase crystalline matrix. Nevertheless, a common set of rules that predict the location and orientation of nuclei growth in crystalline reactions has not previously been described. By studying the orientation relationships in 12 natural parent–daughter pairs with varying symmetry, we illustrate that nucleation of crystalline phases in rocks can be rationalised by a model of epitaxy in which the location and orientation of nuclei maximise coincident-site lattice bond interactions with a parental phase. We suggest that epitaxy is the default (lowest energy) nucleation pathway in natural mineral reactions, which has implications for the self-organization of mineral systems, the kinetics of metamorphic reactions as well as the rheology of multiphase rocks. Broadly applied, our epitaxy model allows us to predict the microstructure of metamorphic rocks based solely on the lattice structure and chemistry of constituent phases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".