Investigating the printing techniques and light sensitivity of the Tyler Graphics Bag by Frank Stella
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Tyler Graphics Bag (1984), named for master printer Kenneth Tyler (b. 1913), was designed by artist Frank Stella (1936–2024) and printed as a limited-edition shopping bag commissioned by Dayton’s department store to promote the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis. The pigments and printing processes used for the bag were investigated, and analyses included optical microscopy, multispectral imaging (MSI), Raman spectroscopy, and large-area micro-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning. The findings suggest a photomechanical color-separation printing process using commercial colorants. Further investigation of the media and support with micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (µ-FTIR) identified energy-curable epoxy acrylate ink on bleached Kraft paper. Microfade testing (MFT) additionally indicated that some industrial works on paper could be as lightfast as bespoke ones. Archival research reveals that Stella and Tyler Graphics created working proofs that seem to be earlier iterations of the final design; however, these findings confirm that the Tyler Graphics Bag was printed industrially.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".