Suspected marsh mallow (<i>Malva parviflora</i>) toxicosis in ponies—Case cluster including an asymptomatic survivor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is limited published information on Malva parviflora toxicosis in horses. Four previously reported cases all resulted in death or euthanasia. The aim of this cluster investigation was to describe historical, clinical and clinicopathological findings of four ponies with suspected M. parviflora toxicosis and compare these to previously reported cases. Historical, clinical and clinicopathological findings were collated. Ponies were grazing pasture of approximately >90% M. parviflora. Pony 1 died rapidly without veterinary examination. Pony 2 was examined for prolonged recumbency attributed to severe myopathy and was subjected to euthanasia. Ponies 3 and 4 remained clinically normal. Pony 2 displayed markedly increased plasma creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and cardiac troponin I (CTnI) concentration. Pony 3 had moderately increased plasma CK and AST activities and normal plasma CTnI concentration. Pony 4 had moderately increased plasma AST activity, with normal plasma CK activity and CTnI concentration. Plasma acyl carnitine profiles of Ponies 2 and 3 were consistent with previous suspected cases of equine M. parviflora toxicosis, but Pony 4's acyl carnitine profile was not different from healthy control horses. Pony 2 was typical of previously reported cases of M. parviflora toxicosis, but Pony 3 did not develop clinical signs despite a consistent acyl carnitine profile. Pony 4 likely did not have M. parviflora toxicosis. The findings of Pony 3 suggest M. parviflora toxicosis can be subclinical, and survival is possible in such cases. Further work is needed to determine the progression of disease from M. parviflora ingestion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".