First report of articuliths (free‐living geniculate corallines, Corallinales, Rhodophyta) in the northern hemisphere revealed during diversity surveys of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Free-living coralline beds are typically composed of rhodoliths, or unattached non-geniculate coralline algae. In 2017, the first beds comprised primarily of free-living geniculate coralline algae, termed articuliths, were documented in Arraial do Cabo Bay in southeastern Brazil. During routine barcode surveys of the Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada flora, 16 rhodolith-like specimens were collected from a rhodolith bed that DNA sequences assigned to the geniculate taxa Calliarthron tuberculosum and Bossiella sp. 1heteroforma. To our knowledge, articuliths have not been documented outside of Brazil; this discovery thus documents the first instance of northern hemisphere articuliths. Despite disparate gross morphologies to attached conspecific populations, anatomical observations revealed internal anatomies consistent with those of attached forms but with a significant reduction in the number of genicula and increased uniformity in intergenicular shape.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".