Negative effects of belowground competition outweigh potential benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal facilitation for seedling success in a managed temperate hardwood forest
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mycorrhizal facilitation and root competition interact to determine forest adaptability to global change, specifically the myriad stressors affecting trees in temperate hardwoods. As managers seek to apply forest adaptation strategies to climate change—including maintaining current canopy conditions, expanding representation of trees at their northern range limit, or moving future climate-adapted species to forests outside their current range—it is essential to understand how belowground interactions affect seedling success under different management scenarios. We planted three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) seedlings representing different adaptation strategies: Acer saccharum (sugar maple), Prunus serotina (black cherry), and Nyssa sylvatica (black gum) under selective pre-salvage harvests of Fraxinus americana and 0.1 ha harvest gaps at three levels of root access, assessing changes in growth, survival, and foliar nitrogen (seedling success). We found that while sugar maple in the selective harvests initially demonstrated higher AM fungal colonization, survival, and foliar N, root exclusion facilitated success of all three species after a second season, especially in the harvest gaps. These findings show that despite the potential loss of root access and AM fungal inoculum with increased harvest intensity, climate-adaptive management could improve AM seedling success through competition release.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".