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Record W4411268250 · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554859

Discovery and characterization of 25 new quasars at 4.6 &lt; <i>z</i> &lt; 6.9 from wide-field multiband surveys

2025· article· en· W4411268250 on OpenAlexfundno aff
S. Belladitta, Eduardo Ba nados, Zhang-Liang Xie, Roberto Decarli, Silvia Onorato, Jinyi Yang, M. Bischetti, Masafusa Onoue, Federica Loiacono, L. N. Martínez-Ramírez, Chiara Mazzucchelli, Frederick B. Davies, J. Wolf, Jan–Torge Schindler, Feige Wang, Fabian Walter, Daniel Stern, Emanuele Paolo Farina, Bram Venemans

Bibliographic record

VenueAstronomy and Astrophysics · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicAstronomy and Astrophysical Research
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryAgencia Nacional de Investigación y DesarrolloPlanetary Science DivisionScience Mission DirectorateDurham UniversityIstituto Nazionale di AstrofisicaSpace Telescope Science InstituteEuropean Southern ObservatoryGordon and Betty Moore FoundationQueen's University BelfastW. M. Keck FoundationUniversity of Notre DameLos Alamos National LaboratoryJohns Hopkins UniversityQueen's UniversityOhio State UniversityMax-Planck-GesellschaftNational Science FoundationUniversity of MinnesotaNational Central UniversityChina National Textile and Apparel CouncilEötvös Loránd TudományegyetemCalifornia Institute of TechnologyNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationSmithsonian Institution
KeywordsPhysicsAstrophysicsQuasarCharacterization (materials science)Field (mathematics)AstronomyGalaxyOptics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Luminous quasars at z>4 provide key insights into the early Universe. Their rarity necessitates wide-field multiband surveys to efficiently separate them from the main astrophysical contaminants (i.e., ultracool dwarfs). To expand the sample of high-z quasars, we conducted targeted selections using optical, infrared, and radio surveys, which we complemented by literature-based quasar candidate catalogs. We report the discovery of 25 new quasars at 4.6<z<6.9 (six at z≥6.5), with M1450 between −25.4 and −27.0. We also present new spectra of six z>6.5 quasars we selected, but whose independent discovery has already been published in the literature. Three of the newly discovered quasars are strong radio emitters (L1.4 GHz = 0.09−1.0×1034 erg s−1 Hz−1). One source at z = 4.71 exhibits typical blazar-like properties, including a flat radio spectrum, a radio loudness of ∼1000, and multifrequency variability. It was also detected by SRG/eROSITA X-ray telescope (f0.2−2.3 keV∼1.3×10−13 erg s−1 cm−2). In addition, for seven 6.3<z<6.9 quasars, we present near-infrared spectroscopy and estimated the central black hole mass from their C IV and Mg II broad emission lines. Their masses (log[MBH,MgII] = 8.58−9.14 M⊙) and Eddington ratios (λEdd,MgII = 0.74−2.2) are consistent with other z>6 quasars reported in the literature. A z = 6.3 quasar exhibits a velocity difference of approximately 9000 km s−1 between the C IV and Mg II emission lines. This means that it is one of the most extreme C IV outflows currently known. The sample also includes three high-ionization broad absorption line (HiBAL) quasars. One of these quasars shows potential evidence of an extremely fast outflow feature that reaches 47 000 km s−1.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.002
Threshold uncertainty score0.003

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.234
Teacher spread0.227 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations9
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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