Foreigner(?) in a Foreign Land
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work documents the first unambiguous case of a pre-Hispanic Peruvian with dental inlays—an adult bearing two labially drilled maxillary canines, one of which retains an electrum inlay in situ. Intentional dental modification, occurring in a wide variety of forms, is a geographically and temporally wide-ranging cultural practice. Most commonly identified in Mesoamerica, intentional dental modification has also been reported both ethnohistorically and archaeologically in South America. Most definitive archaeological cases are Ecuadorian, and thus this individual, recovered from a primary ritual center of the Southern Moche State, located in north coastal Peru, presents a unique case. This work employs a microhistorical osteobiographical approach to documenting this individual. To characterize aspects of their life history and the nature of the inlay, enamel was analyzed for carbonate δ13C, δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr, and 206,7,8Pb/204Pb characterization and dentin for collagen δ13C and δ15N characterization and accelerator mass spectrometry dating. Inlay composition was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Together, these data suggest that the inlaid individual likely migrated to the Moche Valley from Ecuador. The burial context of the skeletal individual’s remains and the cultural context of Moche society imply that their unique presentation and connection to Ecuador were important status markers. Este trabajo documenta el primer caso inequívoco de un peruano prehispánico con incrustaciones dentales: un adulto con dos caninos maxilares perforados en los labios, uno de los cuales conserva una incrustación de electrum in situ. La modificación dental intencional, que se presenta en una amplia variedad de formas, es una práctica cultural de amplio alcance geográfico y temporal. Si bien se identifica con mayor frecuencia en Mesoamérica, también se ha reportado etnohistórica y arqueológicamente en Sudamérica. Dado que la mayoría de los casos arqueológicos definitivos son ecuatorianos, este individuo, recuperado de un centro ritual primariodel Estado Moche del Sur, ubicado en la costa norte de Perú, presenta un caso único. Este trabajo emplea un enfoque osteobiográfico microhistórico para documentar a este individuo. Con el propósito de caracterizar aspectos de su historia de vida y la naturaleza de la incrustación, se analizó el esmalte para la caracterización de carbonatos δ13C, δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr, y 206,7,8Pb/204Pb, y la dentina para la caracterización de colágenos δ13C y δ15N, y la datación por espectrometría de masas con acelerador. La composición de la incrustación se analizó mediante espectrometría de fluorescencia de rayos × de alta resolución. En conjunto, estos datos sugieren que el individuo con incrustación probablemente migró al valle de Moche desde Ecuador. El contexto funerario de los restos esqueléticos del individuo y el contexto cultural de la sociedad Moche implican que su singular presentación y conexión con Ecuador fueron importantes indicadores de estatus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".