Neonatal Hippocampal Volume and Parent Structuring at 18 Months in Relation to Cortisol Stress Regulation Across Early Childhood and Executive Functions at Age 4 Years in Children Born Very Preterm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Children born very preterm (≤32 weeks gestational age) display altered neonatal brain maturation and physiological stress regulation that may be related to executive function difficulties. Supportive parent behaviors are related to better neurodevelopment, but children may vary in their susceptibility to such behaviors. We investigated whether supportive parenting during toddlerhood (1.5, 3 years) moderated the relationship between neonatal hippocampal volume, stress dysregulation across childhood, and executive functions. METHODS: In a prospective longitudinal cohort study (N = 188, 100 male), infants born very preterm underwent magnetic resonance imaging at term-equivalent age. At 1.5, 3, and 4.5 years, saliva samples were collected during challenging cognitive tasks and assayed for cortisol; area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) measured total cortisol output at each age. Parent interaction was rated from films at 1.5 and 3 years, and parents reported on child executive functions at age 4.5 years. RESULTS: Longitudinal modeling revealed no direct relationship between hippocampal volume and cortisol trajectories. Children with smaller neonatal hippocampal volume showed greater susceptibility to poorer parent structuring at 1.5 years, associated with altered AUCg trajectories across age, and displayed fewer executive functions in the face of optimal structuring. Lower AUCg across age was related to more positive parenting (sensitivity, nonhostility, nonintrusiveness) at 3 years and better child executive function at 4.5 years. CONCLUSIONS: In children born very preterm, smaller neonatal hippocampal volume may represent a neurophenotype of susceptibility to parent provisions of structure related to stress regulation across early childhood. Conversely, supportive parenting may benefit the development of stress regulation across early childhood and executive functions at preschool age.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".