Jesuits and Science in the Portuguese Assistancy: Thirty Years of Studies. A Bibliography, 1993–2023
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While composing this bibliography, we excluded works that could not be directly related to scientific thought.However, we did not ignore relevant works from other fields.In fact, the relationship between scientific activity and philosophy is so deeply intertwined that it is impossible to make a complete cut between the two.As a result, we included relevant works in philosophy, theology, cultural and architectural studies, or other areas to provide a more comprehensive understanding of Jesuit scientific thought.We also included some general works that we deemed important for our purpose.Although this bibliography begins in the 1990s, we cannot forget some groundbreaking studies that preceded this new wave of research.In primis, in the 1970s, Luís de Albuquerque, in his seminal text on the Aula da Esfera, or the Class on the Sphere, highlighted the crucial role of the Jesuits in the teaching of mathematics at the College of Santo Antão.1 And, before him, we cannot forget about Father João Pereira Gomes's study on Jesuit libraries.2In 1945, Pereira Gomes made visible the extensive collections of scientific books held within Jesuit libraries in Lisbon and shed light on a previously unexpected story.This story revolves around the dissemination in Portugal of "controversial" books written by scientists like Isaac Newton and René Descartes, through the Jesuit network.Equally important are the studies of Maurício Gomes dos Santos, Francisco Rodrigues, and António Alberto Banha de Andrade, all authors who studied the teaching of mathematics in the Portuguese Jesuit colleges between the 1930s and 1950s.3Despite any limitations it may have, the bibliography aims to consolidate existing knowledge and catalyze new research, especially because there is still much archival research, as well as technical inspection of known works, to be carried out.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".