MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W4411332292 · doi:10.1080/21645515.2025.2515658

The good, the bad, and the ugly: A qualitative evaluation of web-based COVID-19 vaccine communication in Canada

2025· article· en· W4411332292 on OpenAlexafffundabout
Gabriela Capurro, Ryan Maier, Cindy Jardine, Jordan Tustin, S. Michelle Driedger

Bibliographic record

VenueHuman Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicMisinformation and Its Impacts
Canadian institutionsToronto Metropolitan UniversityUniversity of the Fraser ValleyUniversity of Manitoba
FundersCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchCanadian Immunization Research Network
KeywordsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Virology2019-20 coronavirus outbreakSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)MedicineFamily medicineWorld Wide WebComputer scienceOutbreakInternal medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Poor website accessibility and usability with credible website/information sources can create barriers to the equitable uptake of vaccines. Scarce research investigates how intended users interact with and perceive official COVID-19 websites. We examine how people in Canada interact with official COVID-19 vaccine websites and how they use information to inform their choices regarding COVID-19 vaccinations. Using a qualitative design and talk-aloud (also called 'think-aloud') method, we conducted interviews with 50 general population individuals residing in 3 provinces in Canada in July-December 2021, during which they navigated specific government websites and attempted to find information on various aspects of COVID-19. During the interviews, participants were given specific tasks (e.g. searching for specific information on the websites) and asked to 'think aloud' while performing them. Thematic content was used to identify positive and negative elements regarding the websites that were stated by participants as they navigated the websites. Our analysis demonstrated that participants appreciated websites that featured user-friendly and aesthetically pleasing designs, had local and updated information, offered links to reputable sources, and dispelled misconceptions. Participants also critiqued sites for using technical jargon, presenting seemingly insufficient information, and potentially having conflicts of interest. These findings underline the need for health authorities to prioritize web-based communication and understand the information needs of their audience. Ignoring user preferences raises potential risks of poor communication, such as leaving their citizens seeking information elsewhere.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.026
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.039
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.144
Threshold uncertainty score0.668

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0260.039
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0040.005
Science and technology studies0.0260.018
Scholarly communication0.0070.003
Open science0.0030.008
Research integrity0.0020.003
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.063
GPT teacher head0.417
Teacher spread0.354 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations3
Published2025
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same venueHuman Vaccines & ImmunotherapeuticsSame topicMisinformation and Its ImpactsFrench-language works237,207