Effects of a 24-week yoga intervention on choriocapillaris density in Parkinson’s disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) involves systemic microvascular dysfunction, with choriocapillaris density (CCD) potentially reflecting it. This study examined whether a 24-week yoga intervention alters CCD in PD and whether responses differ by disease duration, severity, or intervention style. Methods: Fifteen PD patients completed a supervised 24-week yoga program involving two Hatha-based styles. CCD was measured using 3 × 3 mm macular optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) centered on 2.5-mm foveal region. Clinical assessments included disease duration, Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), conducted at baseline and after intervention. Correlation, stratified, and subgroup analyses were performed. Results: No significant change in CCD was observed at the group level (62.9 % ± 3.9 % vs. 62.9 % ± 3.2 %; P > 0.05). Baseline CCD was inversely correlated with disease duration and H&Y stage (ρ = -0.71, P = 0.003). Patients with shorter disease duration (<5 years) or early-stage PD (H&Y stage 1) showed significant CCD reductions (ΔCCD = -4.7 %, P = 0.003; ΔCCD = -4.3 %, P = 0.002), whereas those with longer duration or advanced stage (H&Y 2-3) exhibited mild increases (ΔCCD = +2.3 %, ΔCCD = +2.8 %). Baseline CCD was inversely correlated with ΔCCD (ρ = -0.77, P < 0.001). CCD did not differ between the YogaCue and Hatha Yoga groups at baseline, follow-up, or in ΔCCD (P > 0.05). Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence that CCD responses to yoga vary with disease stage but not intervention style, suggesting a potential role for CCD as a vascular marker to inform individualized rehabilitation in PD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".