Right heart catheterization in heart failure: indications, interpretation, and pitfalls
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Right heart catheterization (RHC) plays a pivotal role across the spectrum of heart failure, from ambulatory patients to those in cardiogenic shock or under consideration for left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy and heart transplantation. Hemodynamic data are critical for early recognition of clinical deterioration, prognostication, and guiding treatment decisions. This state-of-the-art review provides a practical guide to hemodynamic assessment, troubleshooting, and interpretation of hemodynamic variables assessed with RHC for clinicians treating patients with heart failure in the acute setting, including acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock as well as chronic heart failure and advanced disease states that may warrant LVAD or heart transplantation. A special focus is set on contextualizing hemodynamic variables within the clinical presentation to avoid diagnostic misclassification. In addition, opportunities for future research, including novel parameters as well as forward-thinking non-invasive technologies to inform hemodynamics, are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.028 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".