Impact of Thermally Induced Cracks on Elastic Modulus Dispersion and Attenuation in Fluid‐Saturated Granite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Toward better understanding seismic wave propagation in hard rocks, we investigated the impact of thermally induced cracks on the frequency‐dependent elastic properties of granitic crystalline rocks. Thin‐section microscopy revealed an increase in microcrack density and aperture with increasing treatment temperatures of the samples. Using the low‐frequency forced‐oscillation technique we probed the frequency‐dependent Young's modulus and extensional‐mode attenuation of the samples under dry and fluid‐saturated conditions. Water and glycerin were used as pore fluids. The measurements under fluid‐saturated conditions showed significant modulus dispersion and attenuation. Dispersion of Young's modulus, from low (0.2 Hz) to high (105 Hz) apparent frequencies, reached up to 60%, and was accompanied by bell‐shaped attenuation curves with QE−1 as high as 0.16. With increasing treatment temperature, the peak attenuation shifted to higher frequencies. We attribute such frequency‐dependent behavior of the Young's modulus and attenuation to microscopic (pore‐scale) fluid flow between interconnected compliant cracks. The experimental results are consistent with predictions from the Crack‐Pores Effective Medium (CPEM) model, indicating that the interplay between crack geometry and fluid dynamics governs the elastic response. This study highlights the necessity of accounting for squirt flow mechanisms when interpreting seismic field data and laboratory measurements of elastic properties in cracked crystalline rocks. Incorporating these effects into seismic modeling can significantly improve the accuracy of rock property estimations under subsurface conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".