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Record W4411375825 · doi:10.1080/01434632.2025.2519566

‘When they speak English, it's normal’: the monolingual realities of multilingualism

2025· article· en· W4411375825 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicMultilingual Education and Policy
Canadian institutionsSimon Fraser University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMultilingualismLinguisticsSociologySociolinguisticsPsychologyPhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Canada is described as a mosaic of many ethnic groups, languages, and cultures, yet its ‘multiculturalism within a bilingual framework’ (Haque, Citation2012. Multiculturalism within a bilingual framework: Language, race, and belonging in Canada. University of Toronto Press) only supports two official languages (French and English). This study of language and identity scrutinises the implications of national language policies on intergenerational language shifts, family language policies, and identity negotiations of second-generation Chinese Canadian youth. Using data generated from a one-year qualitative study, this framework engages conceptualizations of performativity (Butler, Citation2021. Excitable speech: A politics of the performative. 1st ed. Routledge) and emotionality (Ahmed, Citation2014. The cultural politics of emotion. Edinburgh University Press) to analyse parent and student narratives about home language practices. The resulting analysis suggests that a force of power underlies the way speech acts, and emotion support family language policies. Namely, the data demonstrates that intentional and unintentional injurious language uphold the goals of home language maintenance and inscribe cycles of individual and institutional acts of symbolic violence within families. This study argues that family language policies of multilingual families are impacted by the ways cultural diversity is managed by a bilingual nation-state.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.612
Threshold uncertainty score0.664

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.004
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.043
GPT teacher head0.396
Teacher spread0.352 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it