Parallel Connected Converters with Interleaved Phase‐Shifted PWM Using a Common Carrier
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT A novel interleaving approach for parallel‐connected dual three‐phase converters using a single unmodified carrier is introduced. This method simplifies implementation by adjusting the phase with an offset added to the reference signal, without altering pulse width modulation (PWM) timing. It effectively controls flux and circulating currents within coupled inductor cores. Conventional schemes face challenges such as high direct current (DC)‐offset in circulating currents, poor line‐voltage quality, and glitches in load currents. They also rely on multiple phase‐shifted carriers that require each leg to have its own carrier signal, adding synchronization complexity. While modern digital controllers can accommodate this, managing synchronization remains a challenge, especially for low‐cost controllers with limited PWM carrier generation. These limitations can restrict the number of parallel legs per phase, affecting scalability. The proposed approach overcomes these issues by using a shared carrier for all modulators and adjusting the reference signal to achieve the required phase shift, ensuring high‐quality line voltage and glitch‐free load currents while simplifying implementation. This approach enhances flexibility in phase shift and duty cycle control while eliminating DC‐offset in flux and circulating currents, reducing magnetic component size via a simple reference signal adjustment at zero‐crossing. Feasibility is validated across low and high frequencies through analysis, simulations, and experiments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".