Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents a study of the thoughts of Allāma Muhammad Iqbāl (1877-1938), a great Muslim writer, poet and philosopher of South Asia, on the religious identity and role of women. The study reveals that Iqbāl’s poetry is full of Eastern and Islamic traditions. In the case of women too, all of Iqbāl’s ideas are based on Eastern and Islamic traditions. He seems to say the same thing about women, which is taught by Islam. He has repeatedly mentioned women in his poetry in different ways: he mentions woman with great respect and reverence; he mentions her sometimes in the form of mother and sometimes in the form of friend; sometimes he praises her perseverance and courage and sometimes pays special attention to her education and training. According to Iqbāl, a woman with eastern and Islamic traditions is the representative of high social values, high morals and religious traditions. He forbids Muslim women from following Western women. He wants to see her follow the great Muslim women of the past. He wants the character of today’s Muslim woman to be like that of Hazrat Fātima, so that great characters like Hussain are born from her womb.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.969 | 0.961 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".