How good is your basket of parks? A combined index of park quality and accessibility for youth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Parks and green spaces are essential components of urban areas as they provide ecological, economic, health and social functions. Their positive outcomes are closely linked with both the quality of the parks as well as their accessibility, especially via walking and cycling. This is particularly relevant for youth who largely depend on active modes for independent travel. To date, most studies have focused on a single component (quality or accessibility). To our knowledge, no study has measured the quality of a group of parks accessible to an individual. This study, therefore, proposes a methodology to generate an index that combines accessibility and quality: the Combined Index of Parks Quality and Accessibility for Youth (CIPQAY). The index is designed by combining a recently developed quality index, the “QUality Index of Parks for Youth” (QUINPY) with cumulative-opportunity accessibility measures, and is then applied to the city of Montreal, Canada. The QUINPY variables and scores are adapted to reflect the combined quality of accessible parks, based on five criteria: structured play diversity, nature, park size, safety, and maintenance. Using open-source data, the CIPQAY is then operationalized based on the study context and data availability. The final index contains 17 variables and is computed for each residential lot (n = 374,599). Findings show a low correlation between the CIPQAY index and the number of parks accessible, highlighting the relevance of this composite index. This research provides researchers and planners with a systematic methodology, transferable to other contexts, to measure the quality of parks accessible to individuals. • A comprehensive index, combining park quality and accessibility, is developed. • Low correlation is found between this index and the number of parks accessible. • This index better reflects attractiveness than common accessibility indicators. • The methodology can be adapted to other contexts and cities.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".