Bibliographic record
Abstract
Muslims had interaction with Jews since the beginning of Islam and their dialogue with them was usually verbal. It was long after prophetic Era when Muslims started taking interest in reading Jewish scriptures and writing about them. The prime reason behind abstaining from Old Testament was the doctrine of interpolation claimed by Quran. When scholars started taking Old Testament into consideration, their idea of interpolation fluctuated in various ways. The admitted that the interpolation took place in Old Testament but some of them did not agreed upon textual interpolation; rather they claimed that only hermeneutical interpolation was done and text is all safe and authentic. Beside them, another class of Muslim scholars strictly refuted this opinion and they came with the hardcore stance of Tehreef by claiming that the whole of Old Testament has been distorted by Jew Rabbis. This difference of opinion has been analyzed in this article in the light of early Muslim writings about Jews and Old Testament.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.992 | 0.975 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".