Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatics into Arylamines on a Pseudocrystalline MoS<sub><i>x</i></sub> Cathode in an Alkaline Electrolyte
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development of an active Earth-abundant metal electrocatalyst for the hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds to aromatic amines using water as a clean and safe hydrogen source can greatly benefit the green synthesis of fine chemicals. Herein, we reported a novel pseudocrystalline structured molybdenum sulfide (p-MoS x ) as a great electrocatalytic hydrogenation catalyst in converting nitrobenzene (Ph-NO 2 ) to aniline (Ph-NH 2 ) with a Faraday efficiency (F.E.%) of 82.2% and over 99.1% selectivity at a conversion of 99.6%, outperforming both the amorphous and crystalline MoS x catalysts. The p-MoS x was synthesized and deposited on a carbon cloth support via a hydrothermal-only strategy, where the crystallinities of the MoS x were realized by altering the feeding ratio of ammonium molybdate and thiourea during the synthetic processes. Activity origin investigations with underpotential deposition of hydrogen (HUPD) studies, electrochemical active areas (ECSA) measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests revealed that the unique pseudocrystalline structure can optimize the chemisorbed hydrogen (H ads ) formation and nitro group adsorption on the surface, thereby promoting the hydrogenation step and consequently improving the efficiency for converting Ph-NO 2 to Ph-NH 2 with high selectivity (>95%) in a broad potential range. In addition, the p-MoS x /CC electrode was also found to be efficient in catalyzing electrochemical hydrogenation of other nitro compounds containing fragile functional groups, such as C–X (X = F, Cl, Br), C═O, C═C, C≡N, and C≡C, to the corresponding aromatic amines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".