Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity and Lifestyles of Male and Female Athletes Varying in Discipline, Level and Nationality
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reduced physical activity levels in the general population. This study seeks to examine the impact of pandemic-related lockdowns on physical activity among athletes, comparing individuals across different performance levels and countries. A cross-sectional study was employed. Between 5 and 15 April 2020, they were administered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Short-Form General Health Questionnaire (SF-12) (including SF-12 Physical and Mental Component Summary subscores [PCS and MCS respectively]). Before the lockdown, women had higher energy expenditure (AEE) and physical component scores (PCS) compared to men, while mental component scores MCS were higher for men than for women. During a lockdown, total activity time (TAT) and AEE decreased significantly for all athletes, sitting time increased, and quality of life worsened. TAT, AEE, and PCS became similar between sexes during lockdown, but women had lower MCS at low activity levels, except for high-level female athletes, who showed similar MCS to males. In conclusion, the COVID-19 lockdown negatively impacted athletes’ Total activity time, activity energy expenditure, and quality of life were greater among low-level athletes, particularly females.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".