Inhibitive effect of chloride on copper corrosion in dilute nitric acid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of chloride on the corrosion mechansim of copper in deaerated, 0.1 M HNO 3 was studied by electrochemistry, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Nitrate reduction, the first cathodic step in the corrosion pathway, was completely inhibited in the presence of ppm levels of chloride, thereby shutting down the corrosion sequence of the system involving solution reactions by copper ions and the subsequent reduction of NO 2 – . Nitrite reduction was minimally affected, suggesting that the two reduction steps differ substantially in their sensitivity to the surface state during corrosion. Our results support that the key step for the inhibitive effect of chloride is the adsorption of chloride to form an adlayer on the surface. Nitrate reduction on copper appears to be inhibited by chloride in the presence of corrosion accelerators NO 2 – and Cu + /Cu 2+ , which suggests that the chloride adlayer remains intact under more aggressive conditions and lowers the rate of corrosion from nitrate reduction in the presence of other oxidants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".