Temporal organization of song modulates vocal learning
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Species-typical behaviors are organized into species-typical patterns, and stimuli that deviate from these patterns often lead to diminished responses. Zebra finches produce songs that are learned during development and that consist of acoustic elements (syllables) arranged into stereotyped sequences with stereotyped timing. However, how deviations away from species-typical stereotypy in sequencing and timing modulate vocal learning remains unknown. Starting at different ages in development, we tutored 123 zebra finches with stimuli that varied in the stereotypy of syllable sequencing and timing. Juveniles tutored with temporally variable stimuli imitated the acoustic structure of syllables as well as juveniles tutored with temporally stereotyped songs. Additionally, while the acquisition of song decreased over development, we found some evidence that variability in sequencing and timing attenuated developmental declines in learning. These data motivate future investigations into the degree to which temporal patterning modulate the learning of other behaviors, even highly stereotyped behaviors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".